Wastewater treatment is a procedure to convert wastewater - which is water no longer required or suitable for its most use - right into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with very little environmental problems or recycled. The latter is called water reclamation and implies evasion of disposal by use of treated wastewater effluent for different purposes.
Treatment suggests getting rid of impurities from
water being treated; and some methods of treatment apply to both water and
wastewater. The physical infrastructure used for wastewater treatment is called
a "wastewater treatment plant" (WWTP).
The treatment of wastewater belongs to the
over-arching field of sanitation, with the management of human waste, solid
waste, sewage treatment, stormwater (drainage) management, and water treatment
Byproducts from wastewater treatment plants, such
as screening, grit and sewage sludge may likewise be treated in a wastewater
treatment plant. If the wastewater is predominantly from municipal sources
(households and small industries) it is called sewage and its treatment is
called sewage treatment.
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